This entry presents Norepinephrine (C8H11NO3; CAS 51-41-2; PubChem CID 439260) as a 3D-printable ball-and-stick model in which every atom carries its engraved element symbol (C, H, N, O), so the model can be read without a colour key. Atomic coordinates come from the PubChem-computed 3D conformer (not an experimental crystal structure); coordinates and connectivity are unchanged.

Project scope and purpose

MolGod is an open educational-science project that publishes engraved ball-and-stick models of individual chemical compounds. Models are generated deterministically from public structure data and released under CC BY-SA 4.0 together with their identifiers and provenance.

Standard molecular STL files encode geometry only; atom identity, conventionally conveyed by colour, is lost in single-material additive manufacturing. In these models the element symbol is a recessed engraving on each atomic sphere, so atom identity is part of the mesh and remains readable in any print material, visually and by touch.

The design objective is to shorten the time learners need to identify the atoms of a molecule, so that instruction can concentrate on connectivity, bond order and three-dimensional geometry, and to reduce teacher preparation to scaling and slicing a ready file. This is a design rationale: the effect on learning outcomes has not yet been formally evaluated.

Project rationale, related peer-reviewed research and the validation plan: How MolGod engraved molecular models are made.

Structure at a glance

• 23 atoms: 8 C, 11 H, 1 N, 3 O

• 23 bonds: 17 single, 6 aromatic

• One aromatic 6-membered ring

• Functional groups: two phenolic hydroxyl groups (Ar-OH), one hydroxyl group (-OH) and one primary amino group (-NH2)

• One stereocentre with CIP label R — IUPAC name 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

• Four hydrogen-bond donors and four acceptors (computed)

• Fraction of sp3-hybridised (tetrahedral) carbon atoms: 0.25 (computed)

Use in teaching

• Counting task: students tally the engraved symbols (8 C, 11 H, 1 N, 3 O; 23 atoms) and rebuild the formula C8H11NO3 from the model alone.

• Stereochemistry: locate the one stereocentre on the printed model and confirm the R assignment with the CIP priority rules.

• Aromaticity: identify the aromatic ring and the 6 bonds recorded as aromatic; the model draws them as one Kekulé structure (alternating single and double bonds), while in the real molecule they are delocalised, intermediate between single and double.

File and printing

STL mesh of 289,764 triangles, a closed (watertight) single solid. Coordinates are in ångström and STL stores no unit, so scale the model deliberately in your slicer. Measured bounding box: 7.427 × 7.2 × 4.923 Å; at scale factor 10 (1 Å to 10 mm, file read in millimetres) the print measures about 74.3 × 72.0 × 49.2 mm. SHA-256: cabac07a5939279cca007f3c15fe5cf34577daaf6a7c5f95d4cf6838ac512c60.

Validation

• InChIKey identical to the PubChem record (PubChem FTP SDF, file dated 2026-10-08), including the stereo layer: SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N

• Molecular formula and hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor counts identical to PubChem

• Stereocentres in PubChem: 1 defined, 0 undefined; both counts match this record

• Mesh: triangle count in the header equals the actual count; 0 edges not shared by exactly two triangles; 1 connected solid; SHA-256 equal to the published file

Source, licence and identifiers

Full record: Norepinephrine 3D molecular model and data (CAS 51-41-2) · Licence and provenance record: License and provenance of the Norepinephrine 3D model · Same file on Wikimedia Commons: File:Norepinephrine-3D-molecular-model-engraved-CAS-51-41-2.stl

• MolGod ID: MolGod ID MG_623-971-134-68

• Wikidata: Q186242

• EC number: 200-096-6

• ChemSpider ID: 388394

• InChIKey: SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N

• SMILES: C1=CC(=C(C=C1[C@H](CN)O)O)O

• Molar mass 169.18 g/mol (exact mass 169.07389321)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (licence text). Required attribution: "Norepinephrine 3D model by MolGod.org — https://molgod.org/molecule/51-41-2/ — CC BY-SA 4.0".