Description:

This reference organ, Mouth-male (https://humanatlas.io/3d-reference-library) was created using data from the Visible Human Male dataset, provided by the National Library of Medicine (Spitzer et al., 1996; Ackerman, 1998). The 3D model features anatomically segmented oral structures including the gingiva, lingual mucosa, palate, vestibular tissues, teeth, and salivary structures. The segmentation and anatomical validation were informed by standard dental and medical references, including Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Netter’s Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry, Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology, and A Colour Atlas and Textbook of Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology by Berkovitz et al., enabling consistency across sex-specific models and integration with molecular datasets.

Bibliography:

• Spitzer, Victor M., and David G. Whitlock. 2002. “The Visible Human Dataset: The Anatomical Platform for Human Simulation.” The Anatomical Record 253 (2): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199804)253:2<49::AID-AR8>3.0.CO;2-9.
• Ackerman, Michael J. 1998. “The Visible Human Project.” Proceedings of the IEEE 86 (3): 504–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.662875.
• Nanci, A. Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function. Elsevier.
• Norton, N.S. Netter’s Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry, 3rd Edition. Elsevier.
• Berkovitz BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. 1992. A Colour Atlas and Textbook of Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, 2nd ed. London: Wolfe Publishing Ltd.
• Newman, M.G., Takei, H., Klokkevold, P.R., Carranza, F.A. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology, 13th ed. Elsevier.