A 2-color 3D printed temporal bone model optimized for low per unit production cost and tailored for junior resident-level surgical training. The 3D printed models are designed to provide accurate internal and external anatomy for the recognition of critical structures and a satisfactory drilling experience, respectively. The temporal bone is among the most complex and difficult anatomy that otolaryngologists encounter and the challenges of safely operating within this area demand a robust and realistic resident training laboratory. The gold standard for surgical stimulation of temporal bone drilling is the use of cadaveric bone. This model was developed to research the possibilty of replacing cadaveric bone training with 3D printed models for the purpose of training residents. 

A Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning protocol was used for generating this model: 120 kV, collimation 0.625 mm, reconstruction gap 0.2 mm, matrix 512×512, convolution kernel for bone, pitch 0.52, rotation time 0.8 s. See referenced publication for further detail.

We printed with 3 .stl files, we were able to assign the second extruder (red) to the tegmen and sigmoid. We used Cura (processing software for Ultimaker) to assign the different parts to the correct extruders and then merged the models by selecting all and then clicking the merge function.

This model was created by the Health Design Laboratory at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital for research purposes only. Any users of this model are encouraged to validate the information contained herein independently. The verification of this model based upon the associated study is limited and should not be generalized to other facilities at face value. We do not guarantee this model represents absolutely accurate anatomical information, nor is it intended to be used as a replacement for validated clinical medical training. The Health Design Laboratory and Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital will not be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary, or other damages arising therefrom.